Dr Ong Hean Yee
Cardiologist
Source: Shutterstock
Cardiologist
It is perfectly normal for people to respond differently to the same events and situations. One may find an event extremely enjoyable but another may find the same event terribly frustrating.
Stress can be caused by a physical or emotional change, or a change in your environment that requires you to adjust and respond.
The things that make you feel stressed can be minor hassles, major lifestyle changes, or a combination of both. Being able to identify stressors in your life and releasing the tension they cause are the keys to managing stress.
Some commonly cited stressors include work overload, starting a new job, unemployment, financial concerns, relationship problems, death of a loved one or pregnancy.
Unhealthy coping mechanisms
One of the ways stress may affect the heart is by affecting behaviours that increase the risk to the heart. These include overeating that elevates high blood pressure and cholesterol levels, smoking and physical inactivity.
People often turn to comfort foods – like fast food and desserts - when they're anxious or under pressure. These high-fat, high-cholesterol foods may lead to high blood pressure and diabetes that contribute to the artery damage that causes heart attack and stroke.
Similarly, some people turn to alcohol or cigarettes. These habits can increase blood pressure and damage the lining of the heart arteries.
The body's reactions to stress
Behaviours aside, individuals already dealing with depression may have a hard time dealing with stress, or perhaps stress may be the cause of the depression. Depression is known to be linked to heart disease. It may result in chronically high levels of the hormones cortisol and adrenaline, which may have harmful effects on the heart.
Broken heart syndrome is a heart disease which can look very much like a heart attack – its symptoms include chest pain and shortness of breath.
This condition is believed to be due to extremely high levels of the stress hormone adrenaline. The term 'broken heart syndrome' was coined because researchers found that it was usually triggered by an intense emotional event, such as receiving news of an unexpected death of a loved one.
More recently, scientists have found that people who have heightened activity in a part of the brain linked to stress – the amygdala – are more likely to develop heart disease. The amygdala is responsible for telling the bone marrow to temporarily produce more white blood cells which fight infection and repair damage.
However, chronic stress can lead to an overproduction of white blood cells, which can result in plaque formation in the arteries and lead to heart disease.
If you're often stressed and don't yet have a good way to manage it, try these simple tips.
Besides managing stress, go for a heart screening to identify any hidden risk factors or heart problems you may have, so you can take better control of your heart health.