Dr Wong Kong Min Reuben
胃肠科医生
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节日盛宴必备指南
上次更新时间： 2019年12月19日 | 3 分钟阅读时间
虽然每个人都喜欢大快朵颐地享用节日美食和时令菜肴，但食物中毒和消化不良也是常见的风险。以下是如何避免节日大餐中最常见陷阱的指南。
暴饮暴食有何不妥？
虽然没有人会因为您多吃了一块原木蛋糕或火鸡而对您进行评判，但暴饮暴食会导致许多短期和长期的健康问题。
如果您出现心烧伤、腹胀或胃酸回流（即口中酸酸的味道）等症状，您就会知道自己吃得太多了。
长此以往，暴饮暴食会损害身体，导致肥胖症、心脏病、高血压和高胆固醇等长期健康问题。如果您经常出现这些症状，可以考虑咨询胃肠病专家。他（她）可能会建议您采取下一个适当的步骤--无论是调整饮食、改变生活方式，还是进行内窥镜检查或呼气试验等消化道检查。
如何避免暴饮暴食？
注意进食量 - 对于热量较高的丰富节日食品，要适量进食。
细细品味 - 细细品味眼前的食物，充分咀嚼食物，以帮助消化，减少暴饮暴食，最大限度地享受美食。
分份进食 - 分份进食可帮助您控制进食量。使用较小的盘子和杯子也可以帮助你调节饮食习惯。
除了暴饮暴食，还有其他与食物有关的健康问题需要注意吗？
除了暴饮暴食，节日庆典期间的大吃大喝可能会导致食物中毒，这确实会让节日气氛大打折扣。 无论您是在家用餐、为朋友聚会提供餐饮还是在餐馆用餐，以下是一些针对各种节日场合的小贴士：
居家食品安全
保持清洁
在烹饪前，确保彻底清洗手部、柜台、烹饪工具和食品。你永远不知道细菌会潜伏在哪里，也不想把它们带入你的饭菜中。
生熟分开
生肉和鸡蛋应与冰箱中的其他食物分开，甚至与食品袋中的食物分开。使用不同的砧板切割生熟食物。这样做的原因是什么？防止细菌在食物之间传播。
用正确的温度烹饪
食物应该在高温下烹饪，以杀死所有可能的病菌。
虽然我们并不想干涉你内心的戈登-拉姆斯（Gordon Ramsay），但烹饪温度因农产品而异。请务必提前仔细检查食谱！
处理剩菜
由于节日聚会期间提供的食物数量庞大，因此很容易将剩菜剩饭留作下一顿之用。
请务必：
- 烹饪后 2 小时内将剩菜冷藏。
- 在 75 摄氏度或以上的温度下加热食物。
- 用烤箱、炉灶或微波炉解冻冷冻剩菜。
检查食物是否变质
食物变质的常见警示信号包括异味、变色和质地改变。一般来说，蛋白质含量高的食物比钠或糖含量高的食物变质更快。
餐饮和外出就餐
检查食品卫生标准
在点菜之前，一定要查看公司的食品卫生等级，并在谷歌上对餐厅和餐饮公司进行快速搜索，以防以前有过失。
注意使用的农产品
如有疑问，请务必向服务员或餐饮公司询问所用食品的质量和种类。眼部要留意生鱼（用于 "鱼生"等春节菜肴）、未煮熟的家禽、奶制品和鸡蛋。
加热时要注意
虽然翻热剩饭剩菜是省钱的好办法，但您要确保食物在翻热后还是热的。如有疑问，请一次性加热并食用剩菜剩饭。
遵守餐饮食品上的 "食用日期 "时间戳
如果您为宴会提供餐饮服务，请务必在包装上注明的最后期限（通常为菜肴烹制后的四小时）前食用完。细菌会在 5 - 60 摄氏度之间迅速繁殖，从而增加食物中毒的风险。
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(n.d.) Food Safety at Home — Keys to safer food. Retrieved on 24 October 2019 from https://www.nestle.com.sg/nutrition_health_wellness/health_corner/nutrition_factsheet/food_safety_at_home
(n.d) How to maintain food safety and hygiene in catering. Retrieved on 24 October 2019 from http://millyandearl.com/maintain-food-safety-hygiene-catering/
(2019, March 12) Myths and facts about leftovers. Retrieved on 24 October 2019 from https://www.webmd.com/food-recipes/food-poisoning/ss/slideshow-leftover-facts
(n.d). What is food safety? Retrieved on 24 October 2019 from https://www.foodsafety.com.au/resources/articles/what-is-food-safety
(2019, May 29) Food Safety at Home. Retrieved on 24 October 2019 from https://www.fda.gov/consumers/free-publications-women/food-safety-home
(2018, Nov 29). 9 food safety tips to prevent food poisoning with catered food. Retrieved on 24 October 2019 from https://www.homeanddecor.com.sg/articles/113025-9-food-safety-tips-prevent-food-poisoning-catered-food
(2018, Nov 21). What is overeating? How to control your portions? Retrieved on 24 October 2019 from https://share.upmc.com/2018/11/portion-control-overeating/
(2016, Nov 7) Why 'consume by’ guidelines are crucial for catered food. Retrieved on 25 October 2019 from https://www.straitstimes.com/forum/letters-in-print/why-consume-by-guidelines-are-crucial-for-catered-food
(2011, May 3) Is your food still safe to eat. Retrieved on 25 2019 October from https://www.everydayhealth.com/digestive-health/how-long-is-my-food-safe-to-eat.aspx
(2018, Nov 9) How many times can you reheat leftovers. Retrieved on 25 October from https://www.sbs.com.au/food/article/2017/04/03/how-many-times-can-you-reheat-leftovers
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